Microsurgery is a reconstructive surgery subtype that repairs damage to blood vessels and muscles measuring one to three millimeters thick. The surgery requires a team of at least one specialized microsurgeon and one specialist in the damaged part, with operations on locations like the face demanding teams working in shifts. Patients may need microsurgery after breast cancer treatment, facial disfigurement, or partial or complete severing of a finger.

To perform microsurgery, the surgical team uses microscopes and miniature instruments. Modified GPS and magnification of up to 50 times enable surgeons to see all relevant structures at macroscopic scales and to make accurate, precise movements. Examples of common tasks include reconnecting blood vessels, transplanting muscle from one part to another, and introducing tissue from a recently deceased person to replace damaged tissue.

Though patients still need recovery time after microsurgery, the smaller surgical site size lowers the risk of complications. Patients also experience less scarring. However, they still may need physical therapy to regain the full range of motion in any affected limbs.